The state of Vermont approved Call2Recycle as the battery stewardship organization to implement Vermont's primary (single-use) battery recycling program, beginning Jan. 1, 2016. Primary batteries are non-rechargeable batteries weighing two kilograms or less, including alkaline, carbon-zinc, and lithium metal batteries. Call2Recycle has voluntarily administered a free, producer designed and financed rechargeable battery collection and recycling program nationwide for 21 years. Vermont and Call2Recycle expect to minimize "consumer confusion, as residents will no longer need to separate out single-use batteries when they recycle."