In a Resource Recycling piece titled "Why deposit return is EPR", Clarissa Morawski asked, "If I described to you a consumer product system that spurred green design, established a take-back channel, increased recycling, and was all paid for by the producers of products, would you call that extended producer responsibility [EPR]?" In looking at deposit return systems internationally as well as Oregon and Michigan, Morawski concludes that such systems "achieve high performance, have lower costs when based on performance and promote the transition towards a circular economy."